Motors used in Electric Vehicles

 

Motors used in Electric Vehicles

3. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)

This motor is also much like BLDC motor which has permanent magnets at the rotor. Similar to BLDC motors those motors also have traction characteristics like high strength density and excessive performance. The distinction is that PMSM has sinusoidal lower back EMF while BLDC has trapezoidal lower back EMF. Permanent Magnet Synchronous engines are available for higher electricity rankings. PMSM is the exceptional desire for excessive performance applications like motors, buses. Despite the high fee, PMSM is imparting stiff competition to induction vehicles due to multiplied performance than the latter. PMSM is also dearer than BLDC cars. Most of the automotive producers use PMSM automobiles for his or her hybrid and electric cars. For instance, Toyota Prius, Chevrolet Bolt EV, Ford Emphasis Electric, zero motorcycles S/SR, Nissan Leaf, Hinda Accord, BMW i3, etc PMSM motor for propulsion.

4. Three Phase AC Induction Motors

The induction motors do now not have a high starting toque like DC collection vehicles below constant voltage and fixed frequency operation. But this characteristic can be altered by means of the use of various manipulate strategies like FOC or v/f methods. By the usage of those control techniques, the most torque is made to be had at the starting of the motor that is suitable for traction application. Squirrel cage induction cars have an extended existence because of less renovation. Induction automobiles may be designed as much as an efficiency of ninety two-95%. The disadvantage of an induction motor is that it calls for complex inverter circuit and manipulate of the motor is hard.

In permanent magnet automobiles, the magnets contribute to the flux density B. Therefore, adjusting the cost of B in induction vehicles is straightforward whilst compared to everlasting magnet automobiles. It is because in Induction automobiles the cost of B may be adjusted by way of various the voltage and frequency (V/f) based on torque necessities. This enables in decreasing the losses which in turn improves the efficiency.

Tesla Model S is the high-quality example to show the excessive performance functionality of induction cars in comparison to its counterparts. By opting for induction automobiles, Tesla might have wanted to do away with the dependency on permanent magnets. Even Mahindra Reva e2o uses a three section induction motor for its propulsion. Major automobile producers like TATA automobiles have planned to apply Induction automobiles of their motors and buses. The two-wheeler producer TVS vehicles could be launching an electric scooter which uses induction motor for its propulsion. Induction cars are the preferred choice for performance oriented electric powered vehicles because of its reasonably-priced cost. The different advantage is that it can face up to rugged environmental conditions. Due to those benefits, the Indian railways has started changing its DC vehicles with AC induction vehicles.

5. Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM)

Switched Reluctance Motors is a class of variable reluctance motor with double saliency. Switched Reluctance cars are simple in production and strong. The rotor of the SRM is a chunk of laminated metallic with no windings or everlasting magnets on it. This makes the apathy of the rotor less which facilitates in excessive acceleration. The robust countryside of SRM makes it suitable for the excessive velocity utility. SRM additionally gives high electricity density which might be a few required characteristics of Electric Vehicles. Since the heat generated is commonly confined to the stator, it's far less difficult to cool the motor. The main downside of SRM is the difficulty in control and increase in the switching circuit. It also has a few noise problems. Once SRM enters the commercial market, it could replace the PMSM and Induction motors within the future.

Insights for Selecting the Right Motor to your EV

For deciding on the proper electric powered car cars, one has to first list down the requirements of the overall performance that the vehicle has to satisfy, the working conditions and the value associated with it. For example, move-kart car and two-wheeler programs which calls for much less performance (more often than not less than 3 kW) at a low fee, it is ideal to go together with BLDC Hub automobiles. For three-wheelers and -wheelers, it's also desirable to choose BLDC vehicles with or without an outside gear gadget. For excessive energy programs like overall performance two-wheelers, vehicles, buses, trucks the suitable motor choice would be PMSM or Induction automobiles. Once the synchronous reluctance motor & switched reluctance motor are made price powerful as PMSM or Induction cars, then one may have extra alternatives of motor kinds for electric vehicle application.

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